Understanding Weld Bead Geometry
Weld bead geometry (width, depth, shape) affects joint strength, appearance, and process stability. Proper control ensures consistent quality.
Aspect Ratio Significance
- High Aspect Ratio (> 1.5): Deep, narrow welds. Good penetration, keyhole mode, may have porosity risk
- Balanced (1.0-1.5): Optimal for most applications, stable process
- Low Aspect Ratio (< 1.0): Wide, shallow welds. Good for thin materials and surface sealing
Controlling Weld Width
- Focus Spot Size: Smaller spot = narrower weld
- Power Density: Higher density creates keyhole mode (narrow weld)
- Welding Speed: Faster speed reduces width but may sacrifice depth
- Defocus: Moving focus above/below surface increases width
Material Effects
High thermal conductivity materials (aluminum, copper) produce wider welds due to heat spreading. Low conductivity materials (stainless steel, titanium) concentrate heat for narrower welds.